【郭齊勇】王陽明的坎坷人生與思一包養心得惟聰明

The so-called “three immortals” come from “Zuo Zhuan”. Lu Guofu Shun Bao recounts the ancient saying he heard: “The Supreme One has virtue, followed by achievements, and then makes words. Although it has not been lost for a long time, these three immortals.” Virtue, contribution, and making words are the personality realm and life goals that the benevolent people of ancient and modern times seek. True Three ImmortalOf course, later generations, Wang Yangming, have done great success in all three aspects. What kind of person is Yang Ming? What immortal works have you written? What kind of thinking and learning questions are left behind? Next, let us approach this Master Yang Ming, who is recognized as the “True Three Immortals”.

Wang Shouren was born in Yuyao County, Shuxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province. When he was born, his grandmother Cen dreamed of a god wearing Chinese clothes and playing musical instruments in the clouds. Among them, an immortal hugged his baby, stepped on the auspicious clouds, and came to the royal family. My grandfather named him Wang Yun. When he was five years old, he would not say anything. Occasionally, he met a monk (some say he was a feather) and said, “A good child, I will tell you regretfully.” This means that Wang Yun’s name leaked the heavenly plane and broke his birth. My grandfather then changed his name to Shouren, even if he could speak. (“Shouren” is taken from “The Book of Songs·Wangling Gong” “If you know that you can’t help you, you won’t be able to keep it. Even if you get it, you will definitely get rid of it.”)

1. Determined to learn to be a saint

In the tenth year of Yangming, his father Wang Hua was the first in the priest, and he won the first place in the priest. Yang Ming followed his father to the Beijing teacher and asked from the teacher. Yang Ming asked the head teacher of a private school: “What is the first priority?” The school teacher said: “Only reading books are the first.” Yang Ming opposed the reading subject, and the Chinese New Year’s Master was the most basic goal of learning. The young Yang Ming wanted to “read books and learn holy things” and expressed a very disagreeable ambition. A true scholar should go beyond this utilitarian and realistic goal, follow the steps of the saints, and correct everyone’s personality.

Reading is a condition for learning holy things. At that time, the important thing about reading books was to read Confucian classics, the Five Books and Four Books, and the works of cognitive scholars since the Northern Song Dynasty. The study of the Confucianism developed in the Northern Song Dynasty, and important scholars include Zhou Dunxi, Ercheng, Zhang Xiu, Zhu Xi, etc. Especially the two Cheng and Zhu Xi are a large number of science. Their academic questions are called Cheng and Zhu, which are official regular academic questions. Book readers must practice. The two Chengs are the two brothers Cheng Jun and Cheng Xi of the Northern Song Dynasty. They believe that “the law of nature” is the origin and basis of the universe and life. Zhu Xi collected the great achievements of the Song Dynasty and inherited the science of the two generations. Cheng and Zhu both valued “Big Science”, especially emphasized the “eight items” of “studying things, seeking knowledge, being sincere, upright in mind, cultivating one’s own mind, governing the country, and pacifying the whole country” proposed in “Big Science”. They believed that “studying things and pursuing the principles of nature” is the starting point and basis for understanding the principles of nature, and they say that “the principles of things are destroyed, and they want to be completely out of nowhere.” At this time, Yang Ming was deeply influenced by Cheng and Zhuge Physics. In the fifth year of Hongzhi, when Yangming was 21 years old, the story of “Gradou in front of the Pavilion” happened. Yang Ming himself recorded this: his family’s money and surname came to Zhuzi in front of Geting, and he tried his best to get sick on the third day. He went to Ge, and became sick on seven days, so he couldn’t afford to cherish the saints and had no power to investigate things.

The first time I was doing my saint, I tried my best to lose my lifeNow. Is this because the young man Yangming misunderstood the meaning of Zhu Zi’s investigation? But Zhu Zi himself said that everything has a great power, that is, the law of nature. Students can understand the principle of everything, and they can reach the state of “the essence of everything is not impossible, but the whole body of my heart is not unclear.” Therefore, the Yangming bamboo is nothing more than Zhu Xi’s study of realizing the laws of nature through the study of things. The explanation of the loss of the bamboo in front of the pavilion, the Ming Dynasty in youth, on the one hand, recognizes the life state and cultivation goals advocated by Cheng and Zhu, and on the other hand, the cultivation skills of Cheng and Zhu are unable to be improved. There is a grand conflict between the goal of becoming a saint and the cultivation of kung fu in how to become a saint and a saint. This conflict and its solution have opened up the entire thinking and academic life after the Ming Dynasty.

I hope to be a saint without looking at it, and the sun will not be able to turn to other ways. According to the “Epitaph of the Chief Teacher of Yang Ming” by Zhan Ruoshui of the same era, Yang Ming in this period experienced the “five drownings”, namely: first drowning in the voluntary movement, then drowning in the voluntary movement, three drowning in the voluntary movement, four drowning in the voluntary movement, and five drowning in the voluntary movement of the Buddha. The voluntary movement refers to helping the poor and the needy, relying on righteous words, and having a lot of enthusiasm for the world. The rush of riding and shooting refers to riding horses and shooting arrows, and placing troops and deploying troops. When he was 15 years old, he had been a Juyongguan, and studied shooting, and dreamed of Ma Fubo’s army. Ma Fubo was the great master of Donghan. He believed that Hanzi should have the ambition of “death in the war, and wrapped his body in Ma Jie.” Yang Ming once spent a lot of effort to study military training books and used leftover fruit cores to strait the military. He once managed the military and let them practice the military method invented by Ge Liang – the Eight Inscriptions. The writing of the chapter is to write a syllable and meticulous remark, which is appropriate to the subject. Yang Ming was considered a success in the subject. He was a senior at the age of 21, became a Jinshi at the age of 28, and ranked seventh in the second grade, but he finally believed that “there is a lack of the ability to lead to the ultimate path.” The immortals are the learning of Taoism for the long-lasting students. On the wedding night of the 17th year of Yangming, he listened to the feathers talking about raising their children at the Iron Pagoda Palace in Jiangxi, “sitting against each other and forgetting.” Always at the age of twenty-seven, they have the meaning of “going into the mountains in the world”. The Buddha’s words pointed out that Yang Ming had also loved Buddhism, and many poems revealed his thoughts. He once went to Jiuhua Mountain to reunite with the mountain monks, visited monks and discussed Buddhism with monks. In the view of regular Confucianism, none of these five academic questions are the most basic questions about physical, mental and life. But what needs to be pointed ou